Contents
TITLE PAGEi
CERTIFICATION AND APPROVALii
DEDICATIONiii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTiv
ABSTRACTv
TABLE OF CONTENTSvi
LIST OF FIGURES viii
CHAPTER ONE1
INTRODUCTION1
1.1: PROBLEM STATEMENT1
1.2: THE AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE CLAP ON-CLAP OFF SWICHT2
1.3: JUSTIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH2
1.4: LITERATURE REVIEW2
CHAPTER TWO5
THEORY AND PICTORIAL ANALYSIS5
2.1: THEORITICAL ANALYSIS5
2.2: BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION 6
2.3: IMPLEMENTED COMPONENTS6
2.31: CONDENSER MICROPHONE6
2.32: RESISTORS 7
2.33: CAPACITORS 8 2.34: TRANSISTORS 8
2.35: 555 IC TIMER 9
2.36: LIGHT EMITTING DIODE 9
2.37: BATTERY 10
2.38: IC 7474 11
CHAPTER 312
CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN12
3.1: THE CIRCUIT12
3.2: THE D-FLIP-FLOP CIRCUIT 13
3.21: FUNCTION/TRUTH TABLE13
3.3: THE 555 IC TIMER CIRCUIT 14
3.4: DESIGN CALCULATIONS15
3.41: FOR TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER 15
3.42: FOR THE MICROPHONE 15
CHAPTER 417
CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING17
4.1: CONSTRUCTION AND CHALLENGES17
4.2: TESTING 17
CHAPTER 519
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 19
5.1: CONCLUSION19
5.2: RECOMMENDATION19
REFERENCES CITED20
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLE
FIG1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SINGLE CLAP-ON CLAP-OFF SWITCH5
FIG2: CIRCUIT SYMBOL AND DIAGRAM OF A CONDENSER MICROPHONE7
FIG3: THE SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION OF A RESISTOR7
FIG4: DIAGRAM OF THE ELECTRONIC SYMBOL OF A RESISTOR8
FIG5: DIAGRAM OF BC547 TRANCISTOR9
FIG6: DIAGRAM OF 555 IC TIMER9
FIG7: DIAGRAM OF AN LED9
FIG8: DIAGRAM AND SYMBOLLIC REPRESENTATON OF A BATTERY10
FIG9: DIAGRAM OF A COMPLETE CLAP-ON CLAP-OFF SWITCH CIRCUIT12
FIG10a: SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF A D TYPE FLIP-FLOP13
FIG10b: DIAGRAM OF SYMBOLIC NAND GATE ARRANGEMENT IN D TYPE FLIP-FLOP13 FIG11a: 555 IC TIMER INTERNAL CIRCUIT14 FIG11b: 555 IC TIMER PIN-OUT DIAGRAM14
FIG12a: PICTURE OF WORKING SWITCH ON BREAD BOARD AFTER FIRST CLAP18
FIG12b: PICTURE OF WORKING CIRCUIT ON VERO-BOARD AT OFF-STATE18
TABLE
TABLE1: D FLIP-FLOP FUNCTION/TRUTH TABLE1
Abstract
This project is all about a switch that turns on and off by the simple action of clapping. When a first clap is sensed by the sound sensor, the switch turns on and on sensing another clap, it turns off.
It is made to aid the handicapped and those who find it difficult to reach for the switch and it can be used to control all appliances that use switches.
